Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals, Tokugawa Japan, and Ming/Qing China

The Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals were similar to Tokugawa Japan and Ming/Qing China in that they all attempted to isolate themselves from the outside world. This idea was similar amongst the societies because they all valued stability within their political and social structures rather than outside cultural influence.

The Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals were different from Tokugawa Japan and Ming/Qing China in that the Columbian Exchange, specifically the introduction of American crops, had a lesser effect in regards to population growth in the Islamic empires. This occurred because Islamic empires relied more on the traditional crops established in their regions as well as the use of traditional agriculture methods. They did not try to use the American food crops to enhance their diets like the people of Tokugawa Japan and Ming/Qing China did. The demographic growth in the Islamic empires was stagnant and barely rose for each empire.